There are many medical conditions that can be identified early on, if we notice signs or symptoms, but there are also certain disorders that can go unnoticed. One such condition is an adrenal gland disorder in children; although relatively rare, it can have a significant impact on your child’s growth and overall health. These disorders can be developed through a variety of reasons, and recognising their symptoms early is crucial for effective treatment.
In this blog, we’ll explore the various adrenal insufficiencies, how adrenal gland disorders affect children, while highlighting the signs and symptoms to watch out for, along with the treatments available for the same. Being a parent, identifying how adrenal gland disorders affect children can empower you to take necessary steps for the well-being of your child.
What is Adrenal Disorder in Children?
Adrenal gland disorders in children can be present from birth or acquired later in life. Adrenal glands are small but vital organs located above the kidneys. They play a crucial role in producing hormones like cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone, which help regulate a child’s metabolism, stress response, immune system, and fluid balance. Adrenal gland insufficiency in children can result in various disorders that impact their overall health.
One of the most common types of adrenal disorders in children is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), a genetic condition. In this condition, the adrenal glands produce excess androgens, i.e., male hormones.
There are two main types of CAH:
Classical CAH: This form of CAH is usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood. It can cause life-threatening symptoms such as dehydration, vomiting, and low blood sugar. In girls, it may cause ambiguous genitalia, while boys may develop early puberty.
Non-Classical CAH: This form of CAH may not be diagnosed until later in childhood or even during adulthood. Symptoms can include early signs of puberty, excessive hair growth, and irregular menstrual cycles in females.
Symptoms of Adrenal Disorders in Children
The symptoms of an adrenal disorder can be a bit challenging to notice as they often overlap with other health conditions. But there are some key signs of adrenal disorder in kids, whose consistent occurance point towards adrenal disorder.
Fatigue and Weakness
One of the most common signs of endocrine disorders in children is constant fatigue or weakness. This can make children appear tired, lethargic and unable to keep up with other kids their age.
Sudden Weight Loss
Unexplained weight loss with no change in diet and failure to gain weight at the expected rate could be a sign of an adrenal disorder. This can also lead to a delay in growth and poor physical development.
Skin Changes
Another common sign of adrenal disorder is darkened skin, especially around scarred areas, kunkles or creases. This is due to the overproduction of melanin in the body, which causes skin tanning.
Craving for Salt
Children with pediatric adrenal gland issues often experience a strong craving for salty foods. Mainly because the body is unable to regulate sodium properly, which leads to a hormonal imbalance.
Vomiting and Abdominal Pain
Adrenal disorder can lead to symptoms such as nausea, frequent vomiting or pain in the abdominal area. These issues occur because the body is unable to balance fluids and electrolytes properly.
Low Blood Pressure
If your child experiences chronic low blood pressure, often leading to dizziness, fainting, or feeling lightheaded, especially when standing up quickly can be because of adrenal insufficiency.
Early or Delayed Puberty
As mentioned before, the adrenal disorder can also affect the onset of puberty. Kids with the classic form of adrenal disorder may experience early puberty, while others can go through delayed puberty.
Treatment for Adrenal Gland Disorders in Children
The treatment for the adrenal disorder depends on the form of adrenal insufficiency your child is going through. The main goal of treatment is to restore hormone balance and manage symptoms effectively. Common treatment approaches include:
Hormone Replacement Therapy
This therapy is essential to replace the missing cortisol and aldosterone. It is usually done through medications, though some kids may require injections in severe cases.
Salt Supplements
Children with adrenal insufficiency may need salt supplements to maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance, especially during times of stress or illness.
Surgery
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to address structural issues caused by adrenal disorders, such as ambiguous genitalia in girls with CAH.
Ongoing Monitoring
Children with adrenal disorders will require regular check-ups to monitor their hormone levels, adjust treatment doses, and track their growth and development.
Final Thoughts – Manage This Condition With a Pediatric Endocrinologist
Adrenal gland disorders in children can have a significant impact on their health, growth, and development. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of adrenal disorders is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) require timely medical attention to ensure that children receive the necessary hormone replacement therapy and proper care.
If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, seek medical advice from an experienced pediatric endocrinologist. With the right treatment, children with adrenal gland disorders can lead healthy, fulfilling lives. Early detection and intervention are the keys to managing these conditions effectively and preventing long-term health complications.