Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in a lack of insulin, a hormone essential for regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels. Type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed in children and adolescents.
Key Points:
Onset:
- Typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, but it can occur at any age.
- Onset is usually abrupt, with symptoms developing over a short period.
Etiology:
- Autoimmune response leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells which produce insulin hormone.
- Genetic predisposition may play a role.
Symptoms:
- Increased thirst and hunger.
- Frequent urination.
- Weight loss.
- Fatigue.
- Blurred vision.
Treatment:
- Daily insulin injections or insulin pump therapy to replace the missing insulin.
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for real-time glucose level tracking.
- Monitoring carbohydrate intake and blood glucose levels.
Complications:
- Long-term management is crucial to prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular issues.
It’s important to note that diabetes in Pediatrics require careful management, and a multidisciplinary approach involving physician, dietitians, and educators is crucial for optimal care and prevention of complications.
If you have concerns about your child’s having problem with high blood glucose level, please consult for a thorough evaluation and diagnosis.